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Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell ASC Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model

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Orange-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Characterization and Therapeutic Applications in Normal and Diabetic Wound

Chiara Gai¹, Margherita Alba Carlotta Pomatto¹, Federica Negro¹

¹Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.

|February 12, 2026

Summary

Orange juice-derived extracellular vesicles (oEVs) show regenerative potential for wound healing. Tangential flow filtration (TFF) purification offers a scalable method for producing these promising regenerative medicine ingredients.

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Regenerative Medicine
Plant-derived Exosomes

Background:

Human extracellular vesicles (EVs) show therapeutic promise but face manufacturing challenges.
Plant-derived EVs offer a potential alternative to overcome limitations of human EVs.
Orange juice-derived EVs (oEVs) were investigated as a scalable regenerative agent.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare oEVs purified by ultracentrifugation vs. tangential flow filtration (TFF).
To evaluate the in vitro regenerative and antioxidant properties of oEVs.
To assess the in vivo wound healing efficacy of oEVs in mice models.

Main Methods:

Characterization of oEVs (size, morphology, molecular content) using various techniques.
In vitro assays for cell migration, proliferation, and endothelial tube formation.
In vivo studies using hydrogel-formulated oEVs on mouse skin ulcers.

Main Results:

TFF purification yielded oEVs with comparable characteristics to ultracentrifugation.
oEVs demonstrated significant in vitro promotion of cell migration, proliferation, and tube formation.
oEVs exhibited potent antioxidant activity and accelerated wound closure in healthy and diabetic mice.

Conclusions:

TFF is a viable scalable method for oEV production.
oEVs possess significant regenerative and antioxidant properties.
oEVs represent a cost-effective and promising ingredient for advanced wound care strategies.

Keywords:

citrus sinensis citrus sinensis extracellular vesicles diabetes diabetic ulcer extracellular vesicle plant-derived extracellular vesicle wound healing

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