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Using AI to Train Future Clinicians in Depression Assessment: Feasibility Study.

Friederike Holderried1, Alessandra Sonanini1, Annika Philipps2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A generative pretrained transformer (GPT)-powered chatbot accurately simulates patients with depression for clinical training. Medical students found the AI patients authentic and useful for practicing diagnostic skills, though suicidality assessment requires further refinement.

Keywords:
GPT-powered chatbotLLMdepression diagnosisgenerative pretrained transformerlarge language modelmedical studentssuicidality

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Depression poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating accurate and timely diagnosis.
  • Generative pretrained transformer (GPT)-powered chatbots can simulate patient interactions for medical training.
  • Developing diagnostic skills for depression and suicidality is crucial for future clinicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a GPT-4 powered chatbot's ability to simulate psychosomatic cases, specifically depression and suicidality.
  • To assess the chatbot's accuracy in role-playing, authenticity, and suitability for practicing diagnostic skills.
  • To determine the chatbot's effectiveness in training students to diagnose depressive disorders and assess suicidality stages.

Main Methods:

  • Developed 3 virtual patient role scripts for depression and suicidality, aligned with expert input and clinical guidelines.
  • 148 medical students interacted with the GPT-4 powered chatbot, followed by a user experience questionnaire.
  • Chat logs were analyzed for diagnostic accuracy, suicidality assessment, role adherence, and AI authenticity.

Main Results:

  • The chatbot maintained its assigned role in over 90% of interactions.
  • Students achieved 60% accuracy in diagnosing depression severity and 67% in identifying suicidality phases.
  • A significant portion of students inadequately assessed suicidality, despite prior instructions.

Conclusions:

  • GPT-powered chatbots can effectively simulate patients with depression, offering a valuable training tool.
  • Over two-thirds of students perceived the AI patients as authentic, with nearly 80% desiring further practice.
  • AI-driven virtual patients provide a flexible, standardized, and accessible method for clinical skills development.