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This study introduces a new Fe-Co-CeO2@Ti3C2(OH)2 heterostructure for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing. The novel material enhances sensitivity for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) without traditional co-reactants.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Oxygen vacancies in non-noble metal nanocatalysts are crucial for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) but underexplored in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensing.
  • Existing ECL methods often rely on conventional co-reactants, limiting their simplicity and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel heterostructure for enhanced ECL immunosensing.
  • To harness oxygen vacancies for efficient superoxide radical generation in ECL systems.
  • To create a sensitive and user-friendly platform for biomarker detection.

Main Methods:

  • Rational construction of a Fe-Co-CeO2@Ti3C2(OH)2 heterostructure using an energy-free co-deposition strategy.
  • Utilizing oxygen vacancies in CeO2 for superoxide radical (O2•−) generation within a luminol system without external co-reactants.
  • Employing FeCo-NH2-BDC as a signaling probe with intrinsic oxidase mimetic activity to amplify the ECL signal.
  • Developing a biosensing platform for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection, quantified via photomultiplier tube (PMT) and smartphone readout.

Main Results:

  • The Fe-Co-CeO2@Ti3C2(OH)2 heterostructure demonstrated enhanced OER activity and facilitated O2•− generation.
  • The integrated system achieved high sensitivity for CEA detection, with limits of detection (LOD) of 6.35 pg/mL (PMT) and 12.42 pg/mL (smartphone).
  • Linear response ranges were observed from 10 pg/mL to 25 ng/mL (PMT) and 35 pg/mL to 50 ng/mL (smartphone).

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a powerful approach for high-performance bioanalysis using a novel heterostructure with synergistic amplification pathways.
  • The developed platform offers ultrasensitive and user-friendly detection capabilities, paving the way for advanced diagnostic devices.
  • This work highlights the potential of oxygen vacancies in non-noble metal nanocatalysts for ECL-based biosensing applications.