Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer
Published on: September 13, 2018
Association Between Photodynamic Diagnosis and Risk of Recurrence and Progression in Bacillus Calmette-guérin-treated
Peter B Hjort1, Josephine M Hyldgaard1, Kristine Young-Halvorsen2
1Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Objective:
To investigate whether photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) influences recurrence and progression risk in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).
Methods:
We performed a nationwide cohort study using Danish health registries. Patients with a first-time diagnosis of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer who received BCG between 2009 and 2022 were included. Patients were followed until death, cystectomy, or December 31, 2023. Exposure was PDD at primary transurethral resection of the bladder. We estimated cumulative incidences and relative risks for recurrence and progression, anid calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios for BCG response according to PDD status.
Results:
A total of 4318 patients were included, of whom 2388 (55%) underwent PDD-assisted diagnosis. At 1 year, the age-adjusted relative risk for recurrence was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.76-0.96) in the PDD group compared with the non-PDD group. At 5 years, the relative risk was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87-1.03). No significant differences were observed in BCG response among adequately treated patients between the PDD and non-PDD groups.
Conclusion:
This large registry-based cohort study found no evidence that the use of PDD was associated with differences in BCG treatment outcomes. While PDD was associated with a modest reduction in recurrence risk at 1 year, no long-term benefit was observed regarding recurrence, progression, or BCG response.
Related Concept Videos
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mTOR pathway or the...
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data...
Relative Risk
Urinary Bladder
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

