Stage-specific ion release from dual-crosslinked alginate/boron-doped bioactive glass hydrogel accelerates infected...

In wound management, achieving rapid hemostasis while maintaining excellent biocompatibility, effectively preventing bacterial infection, and promoting tissue regeneration remains a major clinical challenge. In this study, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel (TA@SA/BG/Ca²⁺) based on a sodium alginate (SA)/tannic acid (TA)/Ca²⁺ dual crosslinking system uniformly loaded with boron-containing bioactive glass (BG). The hydrogel was constructed through synergistic TA@SA interactions combined with Ca²⁺ mediated ionic crosslinking to form a stable three-dimensional network, endowing the material with strong adhesion, enhanced mechanical properties, and integrated rapid hemostatic, broad-spectrum antibacterial, and antioxidant capabilities. Benefiting from its high-water content and superior swelling capacity, the hydrogel provides a favorable microenvironment for gradual BGs degradation, enabling sustained release of bioactive ions such as B³⁺, Si⁴⁺, and Ca²⁺. These ions synergistically suppress bacterial growth and inflammation while stimulating angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and tissue regeneration. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the hydrogel significantly accelerated wound closure in both full-thickness acute wounds and infected chronic wounds. This multifunctional hydrogel, integrating hemostatic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and pro-regenerative properties, shows promise for acute and chronic wound healing and provides a basis for further evaluation toward clinical translation.