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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

Published on: November 9, 2019

Packaging Glasses: From Containers to Encapsulation Composition, Performance, and Sustainability Pathways.

Leonardo Pagnotta¹

¹Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 13, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Packaging glass is a versatile, recyclable material that has evolved beyond bottles to advanced electronic applications. Innovations focus on lightweighting, durability, and sustainable, low-carbon production methods.

Keywords:

ALD coatings aluminosilicate glass borosilicate glass circular economy functional and electronic encapsulation ion exchange strengthening packaging glass recycled/cullet-rich glass soda–lime glass sustainability

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Sustainability Studies

Background:

Glass is a leading material for inert, transparent, and recyclable packaging.
Its applications have broadened from traditional containers to advanced functional and electronic encapsulation.
Four decades of scientific and industrial progress are synthesized.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and integrate packaging glass developments over 40 years.
To analyze structural, technological, and sustainability advancements.
To classify and compare packaging glass families.

Main Methods:

Classification of packaging glasses into five families: soda-lime, borosilicate, aluminosilicate, recycled (cullet-rich), and functional/electronic.
Comparison across key performance domains: mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical, barrier, and hermetic properties.
Analysis of compositional and processing trends influencing structure and performance.

Main Results:

Quantitative data illustrate how composition and processing affect glass properties.
Advances in forming, surface engineering, and melting contribute to lightweighting, durability, and decarbonization.
Sustainability is enhanced through cullet utilization and reduced energy demand.

Conclusions:

Packaging glass is a circular, stable, and traceable material system.
High-integrity glass formulations enable hermetic encapsulation for devices.
Future pathways focus on circularity and low-carbon production.