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Aging Failure Mechanism of Transformer Bushing Sealing Rings Under Multi-Factor Effect.

Wei Liang1, Huijie Li1, Zengchao Wang2

  • 1Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Transformer bushing seal failure, often due to aging from combined environmental factors, causes oil leaks. Fluoroelastomer (FKM) shows superior stability over nitrile rubber (NBR) under harsh conditions, highlighting material selection importance.

Keywords:
failure mechanismfluoroelastomermulti-factor agingnitrile rubbersealing ringtransformer bushing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Transformer bushing seal aging and failure are primary causes of oil leakage.
  • Understanding failure mechanisms under combined environmental stressors is crucial but limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively investigate the aging behavior and failure mechanisms of NBR and FKM sealing materials.
  • To evaluate material performance under single and multi-factor aging conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Aging tests were conducted on NBR and FKM under thermo-oxidative, hygrothermal, hygrothermal-compression, and hygrothermal-compression-salt environments.
  • Material degradation was analyzed through molecular changes, compression set, and morphological damage assessment.

Main Results:

  • Nitrile rubber (NBR) showed severe degradation under multi-factor aging, characterized by additive loss and crosslinking, with chain scission at high temperatures.
  • Fluoroelastomer (FKM) demonstrated excellent stability due to its robust C-F main chain.
  • Stress synergy significantly accelerated the failure of both NBR and FKM sealing materials.

Conclusions:

  • Multivariate analysis is essential for accurate condition assessment and lifetime prediction of transformer bushing seals.
  • Findings inform material selection and proactive maintenance strategies for electrical grids to prevent oil leakage incidents.