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Ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly) supplementation in piglets improved growth and gut health by increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful ones. This iron source enhanced nutrient absorption and lowered diarrhea rates compared to ferrous sulfate.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Iron is vital for piglets, but its bioavailability and impact on gut health vary significantly among sources.
  • Understanding the effects of different iron sources on intestinal health and microbiota is crucial for optimizing piglet nutrition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), and ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly) on piglet growth, intestinal inflammation, and gut microbiota.
  • To evaluate the bioavailability and efficacy of different iron sources in weaned piglets.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 21-day-old weaned piglets fed diets supplemented with FeSO4, FAC, or Fe-Gly.
  • Assessment of growth performance (body weight, ADFI, ADG), diarrhea rates, serum iron levels, total iron-binding capacity, and intestinal microbiota composition.
  • Analysis of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities, and functional prediction of gut bacteria using PICRUSt2.

Main Results:

  • Fe-Gly significantly improved piglet body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and reduced diarrhea rates compared to FeSO4.
  • Fe-Gly supplementation increased serum iron and total iron-binding capacity while decreasing iron in colonic chyme.
  • Both Fe-Gly and FAC enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities. Fe-Gly promoted Lactobacillus abundance and inhibited Escherichia coli, positively influencing gut microbiota and bacterial functions.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly) supplementation is superior to ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) in improving piglet growth performance and intestinal health.
  • Fe-Gly enhances systemic iron status, reduces intestinal iron, inhibits pathogenic bacteria, and promotes beneficial gut bacteria, leading to reduced diarrhea.
  • Fe-Gly represents a highly effective iron source for optimizing piglet nutrition and gut health.