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Correction: Doğan et al. Earthquake Early Warning System for Izmir, Western Anatolia, Türkiye Based on Multi-Station Similarity Analysis and Real-Time Seismic Data Processing. <i>Sensors</i><b>2026</b>, <i>26</i>, 2931.

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The Role of Fabric in Frictional Properties of Phyllosilicate-Rich Tectonic Faults

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Analyzing Fault Reactivation Behavior Using InSAR, Stress Inversion, and Field Observations During the 2025 Sındırgı

Şenol Hakan Kutoğlu¹, Mustafa Softa², Elif Akgün³

¹Department of Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67100 Zonguldak, Türkiye.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 13, 2026

Summary

The 2025 Sındırgı earthquake sequence involved multiple fault segments, not just one. Post-seismic deformation and stress transfer within this segmented fault system significantly influenced the earthquake sequence.

Keywords:

InSAR Sındırgı earthquake sequence simav fault zone stress inversion

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Area of Science:

Earth Sciences
Geophysics
Seismology

Background:

The Sındırgı earthquake sequence occurred in western Türkiye's Simav Fault Zone.
Two main events with moment magnitudes of 6.1 happened on August 10 and October 27, 2025.
These earthquakes ruptured distinct fault segments within the Simav Fault Zone.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolution of deformation during and after the 2025 Sındırgı earthquake sequence.
To understand the interplay between coseismic and post-seismic deformation.
To analyze the role of stress transfer in a segmented fault system.

Main Methods:

Utilized Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time-series measurements.
Integrated seismological data, including seismicity patterns and stress tensor inversions.
Incorporated geomorphic observations and post-event field surveys.

Main Results:

Observed coseismic displacements of 6-7 cm via InSAR.
Detected persistent post-seismic deformation at rates of 8-10 mm/yr for months.
Identified deformation consistent with a network of fault segments, not a single plane.
Noted spatial migration of seismicity and altered faulting mechanisms between events.
Documented new surface cracks and fault traces from field investigations.

Conclusions:

The Sındırgı earthquake sequence was modulated by post-seismic stress redistribution.
Deformation occurred across a complex, segmented fault network, influenced by regional structures.
Stress transfer within the modular fault system played a key role in the sequence's evolution.