Exploring the Link Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Database Study

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Gastroenterology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to extraintestinal complications, notably kidney disease.
• Existing literature indicates a heightened risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in IBD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the association between IBD and CKD.
• To identify specific risk factors for CKD development in IBD patients.
• To compare CKD prevalence and outcomes between Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC).

Main Methods:

• Utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016-2020) for hospitalized IBD patients.
• Stratified patients into Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) cohorts.
• Conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to determine CKD prevalence, risk factors, mortality, and length of stay.

Main Results:

• Identified 230,766 IBD patients (63% CD, 37% UC); 148,498 included after 1:1 matching.
• Prevalence of CKD was consistent at 7.2% for both CD and UC patients.
• CD patients with CKD exhibited lower in-hospital mortality and shorter length of stay compared to UC patients with CKD.

Conclusions:

• CKD prevalence is similar in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, but risk factors and outcomes diverge.
• Significant differences in mortality and hospitalization length exist between CD and UC patients with CKD.
• Highlights the necessity for individualized monitoring and management strategies for CKD risk in IBD patients, particularly those with UC.