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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

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Factor XII-A New Therapeutic Target? A Systematic Review.

Katarzyna Krajewska1, Joanna Pawlus2, Katarzyna Ptaszynska1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Teaching Hospital in Bialystok, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Factor XII (FXII) plays a role in inflammation and thrombosis. Inhibiting FXII shows therapeutic potential in various diseases, including sepsis and cardiovascular conditions, without impacting normal blood clotting.

Keywords:
FXII factor in heart failureFXII in neuroinflammationfactor FXIIfactor XII in coronary syndromefactor XII in thrombosisfactor in inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Factor XII (FXII) has an unclear physiological role but is increasingly linked to inflammatory and prothrombotic conditions.
  • Emerging evidence highlights FXII's contribution to host defense, sepsis, ARDS, fibrosis, and neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest findings on FXII's role in inflammatory and prothrombotic states across diverse medical fields.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of FXII inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on Factor XII.
  • Analysis of FXII's involvement in various disease models (sepsis, ARDS, fibrosis, neurological, cardiovascular).
  • Examination of FXII deficiency and pharmacological inhibition effects.

Main Results:

  • FXII contributes to inflammatory mediator release in ARDS and fibroblast migration in fibrosis.
  • FXII deficiency reduces neutrophil adhesion and severity in sterile wounds and vasculitis.
  • FXII inhibition prevents arterial thrombosis without compromising hemostasis and shows promise in heart failure models.

Conclusions:

  • Factor XII is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and thrombotic diseases.
  • Pharmacological inhibition of FXII is a promising therapeutic strategy, though human studies are limited.