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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Reprogram Chemosensitivity Pathways in Cervical Cancer Spheroids.

Piyatida Molika1, Kesara Nittayaboon1, Kankamol Kerdkumthong1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) show dual effects on cervical cancer (CC) chemotherapy sensitivity. Pretreatment with MSC-exosomes can enhance or reduce treatment efficacy depending on the cell type and drugs used.

Keywords:
apoptosiscervical cancerchemotherapydrug resistanceexosomesmesenchymal stem cellsspheroids

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Physiologic Patient Derived 3D Spheroids for Anti-neoplastic Drug Screening to Target Cancer Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cervical cancer (CC) presents a significant global health burden, often complicated by chemotherapy resistance and recurrence.
  • Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) have demonstrated a dual capacity, potentially serving as therapeutic agents while also contributing to chemoresistance.
  • The precise role of MSC-exosomes in modulating chemotherapy response within cervical cancer remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of MSC-exosome pretreatment on the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to chemotherapy.
  • To explore the context-dependent effects of MSC-exosomes on chemoresistance and chemosensitization in three-dimensional (3D) cervical cancer spheroid models.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of 3D spheroid models from HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines.
  • Proteomic profiling of MSC-exosomes to identify key associated proteins.
  • Assessment of MSC-exosome pretreatment effects on spheroid sensitivity to paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin or carboplatin.

Main Results:

  • Proteomic analysis identified proteins like ANXA1, ANXA2, EEF2, LGALS1, and PKM2 in MSC-exosomes, linked to tumor regeneration and chemotherapy response.
  • MSC-exosomes demonstrated context-dependent modulation of drug efflux, metabolic reprogramming, stress adaptation, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and integrin signaling.
  • MSC-exosome pretreatment significantly enhanced chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in HeLa spheroids, increasing apoptosis.
  • SiHa spheroids exhibited selective responses, with MSC-exosomes enhancing sensitivity to paclitaxel-carboplatin but not paclitaxel-cisplatin, particularly in the spheroid core.

Conclusions:

  • MSC-exosome pretreatment exerts cell type-specific and drug-specific effects on cervical cancer spheroids.
  • These findings support the potential of MSC-exosomes to modulate chemotherapy response in cervical cancer, offering avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.