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Systemic Arterial Aneurysms With Limb Ischemia in a 3-Month-Old Infant: An Unusual Presentation of Incomplete
Bouanane Rania1,2, Belkouchi Lina1,2, Taibi Ouiam1,2
1Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer, Morocco.
Insights
This case report highlights a rare instance of systemic arterial aneurysms (SAAs) in an infant with incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD). Early recognition and treatment are crucial for managing this severe vasculitis complication.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Rheumatology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Pediatric Cardiology
Background:
- Kawasaki disease (KD) is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, primarily causing coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs).
- Systemic arterial aneurysms (SAAs) are a rare but severe manifestation of KD, often associated with significant morbidity.
- Incomplete or probable KD presents diagnostic challenges, potentially delaying appropriate management.
Abstract:
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis predominantly affecting children under 5 years old, characterized by inflammation of medium-sized arteries. The most serious complication is the development of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs), which can lead to significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) are well-documented in KD, the occurrence of systemic arterial aneurysms (SAAs) is rare and less understood. This report describes a 3-month-old male infant with probable/incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD), who presented with bilateral lower limb ischemia due to multiple systemic arterial aneurysms (SAAs) and coronary involvement. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin led to clinical improvement. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing incomplete forms of KD and considering differential diagnoses such as infantile polyarteritis nodosa and MIS-C.
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