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Nanoparticles in Periodontology and Implant Dentistry: From Mechanisms to Clinical Applications
Chun Xu1,2, Yuan Chen1,2, Mario Romandini3
1Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract:
Recent advances in nanotechnology are reshaping the landscape of periodontology and implant dentistry, particularly through the application of nanoparticles (NPs). This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and translational potential of NPs in these fields. Following a presentation of their classification and discussion of their physicochemical properties, the key biological functions of NPs are summarized. These include antimicrobial activity, immunomodulation, promotion of tissue regeneration, sustained drug delivery, and imaging applications. Collectively, these properties hold promise to revolutionize the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases, improve osseointegration, and enhance both soft- and hard-tissue regeneration. Nonetheless, issues related to biodistribution, biocompatibility, and potential toxicity warrant careful evaluation. This review critically synthesizes current knowledge, highlights recent innovations, and identifies key challenges and future directions to maximize the clinical impact of NPs in periodontology and implant dentistry.
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