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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
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Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection
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Risk Factors for Fluoroquinolone Resistance on Pre-Prostate Biopsy Rectal Swab.

Conor B Driscoll1, Mitchell M Huang1, Nicole Handa1

  • 1Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Chicago, Illinois.

Urology Practice
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Fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR) in patients undergoing prostate needle biopsy (PNB) remains stable but is linked to factors like prior FQ exposure and certain demographics. Identifying these patient-level FQR risks can improve pre-biopsy counseling and reduce urosepsis risk.

Keywords:
antibiotic resistancefluoroquinolone resistanceprostate biopsyrectal swabrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prostate cancer diagnosis often involves prostate needle biopsy (PNB).
  • Pre-biopsy prophylaxis with antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones (FQs), aims to prevent post-PNB urosepsis.
  • Rising fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR) necessitates updated risk assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the trend of FQR in patients undergoing PNB within a multi-hospital system.
  • To identify patient-level risk factors associated with FQR.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 10,372 patients undergoing pre-PNB rectal swabs from 2013-2024.
  • Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, and prior FQ exposure.
  • Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify FQR risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Overall FQR rate was 18.8%, with E. coli being the most common resistant bacteria.
  • FQR rates remained stable throughout the study period (2013-2024).
  • Patient-level risk factors for FQR included: prior FQ exposure, older age, uninsured status, Hispanic ethnicity, non-White race, and history of diverticulitis.

Conclusions:

  • Novel patient-level risk factors for FQR were identified, including prior FQ exposure, age, insurance status, ethnicity, race, and diverticulitis history.
  • Current American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines may require refinement for comprehensive pre-PNB counseling regarding FQR.
  • Further research is needed to update clinical guidance for managing FQR risk before PNB.