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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data
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Developing Dynamic Prediction Methods for Survival Time Lost in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression under Competing

Haoning Shen, Chengfeng Zhang, Xingzhi Wang

    IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
    |February 13, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a dynamic prediction model for chronic kidney disease (CKD) using restricted mean time lost (RMTL) to quantify survival time loss, offering more interpretable and individualized risk estimates for patients.

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    An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
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    Area of Science:

    • Biostatistics
    • Nephrology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients face competing risks of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality.
    • Existing CKD prediction models often use hazard-based measures, which lack clinical interpretability and fail to quantify survival time lost.
    • There is a need for prognostic models that account for competing risks and provide absolute measures of survival time loss.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a dynamic prediction model for CKD that incorporates competing risks using restricted mean time lost (RMTL).
    • To provide clinically interpretable and individualized predictions of survival time loss.
    • To capture the dynamic impact of time-varying covariates in longitudinal CKD data.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a dynamic restricted mean time lost (RMTL) prediction model under competing risks.
    • Incorporated the landmark approach to handle time-dependent covariate information in longitudinal data.
    • Validated the model using Monte Carlo simulations and patient data from the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK) cohort.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed dynamic RMTL model provides accurate and robust estimates of survival time loss.
    • The model effectively captures time-varying covariate effects, offering dynamic insights into CKD progression.
    • The dynamic RMTL model demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to conventional static models.

    Conclusions:

    • The dynamic RMTL model offers a clinically interpretable and individualized approach to risk assessment in CKD.
    • This model quantifies survival time loss under competing risks, aiding personalized risk assessment and intervention planning.
    • The findings support the use of dynamic RMTL models for improved chronic disease management.