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Development and Validation of Questionnaires for Quantifying Intake from Dietary Supplements: A Scoping Review
Xiaoyi Yuan1, Mai Matsumoto2, Aya Fujiwara3
1Center for Nutritional Epidemiology and Policy Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Settsu-shi, Osaka, Japan; Division of Food Safety Information, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan.
The Journal of Nutrition
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Dietary supplement questionnaires vary in accuracy, often overestimating intake. Standardizing development and reporting is crucial for reliable dietary supplement research and policy.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Dietary Assessment Methodology
Background:
- Dietary supplements (DS) significantly contribute to nutrient intake.
- Existing DS questionnaires exhibit diverse formats and development practices, leading to measurement errors.
- Inconsistent methods complicate accurate estimation of DS intake and prevalence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To scope and describe questionnaires used for quantifying nutrient intake from dietary supplements.
- To analyze questionnaire formats, development procedures, and their validity and reproducibility.
- To identify needs for improving DS intake assessment.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases.
- Inclusion of questionnaires quantifying DS intake, with reported development/validation.
- Exclusion of open-ended questionnaires; descriptive analysis of development and validation data.
Main Results:
- Fifteen eligible questionnaires (6 closed-ended, 9 mixed-type) were identified; 13 were validated.
- Questionnaires generally overestimated DS-only and total intake; correlations varied by nutrient and intake type.
- Incomplete reporting of development procedures was common, impacting comparability.
Conclusions:
- Questionnaire performance differs based on format, nutrient, intake type, and reference method.
- Standardized DS classification and transparent reporting of development are essential.
- Improvements are needed for enhanced comparability and policy utility in DS research.
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