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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A High-Yield Streptomyces Transcription-Translation Toolkit for Synthetic Biology and Natural Product Applications
Published on: September 10, 2021
Decode and rewire: programming Komagataella phaffii for bioproduction with synthetic transcriptional tools
Xigang Wei1, Wenjie Cong1, Hualan Zhou1
1School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Abstract:
The yeast Komagataella phaffii is a leading producer of secreted therapeutic and industrial proteins. Its excellent traits make it a primary host for the production of value-added carbon compounds, including native metabolites, heterologous biomolecules, and synthetic chemicals. Recent breakthrough discoveries in engineering synthetic promoters have set the stage for novel bioprocesses that utilize sustainable carbon sources through directed evolution methods, ushering in a new era in bioindustry. This review discusses how engineering-directed transcriptional machinery element (TME) interaction-driven methodologies can unlock latent potential to rewire expression for the directed evolution of metabolic functions. We highlight discoveries in the design of transcriptional switches and metabolic switches, the reverse-engineering TME interaction via synthetic transcription factors, forcing K. phaffii for directed evolution.
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Transcription
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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