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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF
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Return to Duty Rates in Active-Duty Military: Comparing Minimally Invasive and Open Cervical Spine Surgery.

Elder Granger1, Kaitlyn Armstrong2, Corbit Franks2

  • 1Capital Technology Information Services, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.

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Minimally invasive cervical spine surgery significantly improves patient outcomes and accelerates return to duty for active-duty military personnel. This approach reduces recovery time compared to traditional open surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Military Medicine
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKs) are the primary threat to military readiness, with spinal injuries comprising 62% of all MSKs.
  • Traditional open spine surgery has variable return-to-duty (RTD) rates, ranging from 3-17 months.
  • Minimally invasive lumbar spine surgery (MIS) shows promising RTD rates, but MIS for cervical spine injuries in the military remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of outpatient minimally invasive cervical spine surgery (MIS) compared to traditional open surgery.
  • To assess surgical outcomes, patient-centric results, and return-to-duty (RTD) rates in active-duty military personnel.
  • To determine if MIS cervical spine procedures improve patient outcomes and expedite RTD.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 156 active-duty or reserve military patients undergoing outpatient cervical spine surgery.
  • Comparison between minimally invasive (n=79) and open surgery (n=77) for cervical spinal stenosis.
  • Analysis of surgical outcomes, visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and RTD time.

Main Results:

  • Significant reductions in VAS (3.31) and NDI (16.01) were observed post-surgery.
  • 77% of service members returned to duty in less than 1 month following MIS.
  • 19% RTD in 1-2 months, and 4% RTD between 2-3 months, with insignificant differences in the open surgery group.

Conclusions:

  • Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) reduces tissue trauma and complications, leading to improved recovery.
  • MIS procedures in ambulatory surgery centers enhance patient outcomes for cervical spine conditions.
  • MIS cervical spine surgery significantly reduces return-to-duty time for active-duty military personnel.