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Clinical outcomes in recurrent glioblastoma with oncolytic virotherapy: a review

Feng Tang1,2, Zhen-Yuan Liu3,4, Jin-Zhou Yang3,4

  • 1Brain Glioma Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. tf172126@163.com.

Molecular Biology Reports
|February 14, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic virus therapy shows promise for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM), offering a safe and potentially survival-extending treatment. Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) based therapies, like CAN-3110, demonstrated improved outcomes in clinical trials.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Virology
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with poor prognosis, especially in recurrent cases.
  • Limited effective treatment options exist for recurrent GBM.
  • Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy offers a novel approach by selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the clinical outcomes of recurrent GBM patients treated with oncolytic virotherapy.
  • To focus on the safety, efficacy, and survival benefits of OV therapy in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical trials and studies involving oncolytic virotherapy for recurrent GBM.
  • Analysis of safety profiles, therapeutic efficacy, and overall survival data.

Main Results:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy demonstrates an acceptable safety profile in recurrent GBM.
  • Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) based OVs, such as CAN-3110, show potential for enhanced survival.
  • Patients with recurrent GBM receiving CAN-3110 achieved a median overall survival of 14.9 months, with seropositive patients showing better outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic virus therapy is a viable and promising treatment strategy for recurrent GBM.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to optimize OV therapy for improved patient survival.
Keywords:
Clinical trialsGlioblastomaImmunotherapyOncolytic virus

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