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Optimizing and assessing multichannel TMS focality.

Ole Numssen1, Carla W Martin2, Torge Worbs3

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Multichannel transcranial magnetic stimulation (mTMS) offers efficient multi-target brain stimulation comparable to single-channel TMS. This study introduces a framework for optimizing mTMS focality, showing its effectiveness for deeper cortical targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Multichannel transcranial magnetic stimulation (mTMS) allows electronic steering of electric fields to multiple brain targets without repositioning.
  • Optimizing input currents for focal stimulation in mTMS and comparing different systems under hardware constraints remain challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a user-centric framework to optimize and assess mTMS focality.
  • Introduce a generic optimization algorithm and quality metrics for mTMS.
  • Compare mTMS coil arrays against single-channel TMS (sTMS) for cortical stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a fast optimization framework integrating target electric field constraints and realistic current-rate limits.
  • Utilized high-resolution finite-element models of nine individual brains for E-field simulations.
  • Compared two mTMS designs (5-channel planar, 6/12-channel spherical) with sTMS figure-of-eight coils using Focality, Target2Max, and OverstimulatedArea metrics.

Main Results:

  • mTMS achieved focality comparable to repositioned sTMS across targets in silico.
  • sTMS showed slightly better performance for superficial targets; mTMS was similar for deeper targets (>25 mm).
  • Increased mTMS channels improved focality but required stronger current-rate constraints; planar design excelled for deeper targets.

Conclusions:

  • mTMS systems demonstrate performance comparable to standard TMS for efficient, multi-target stimulation without repositioning.
  • An open-source framework is provided for designing and evaluating mTMS systems.
  • This framework supports goal-directed mTMS development and application.