Redox-active microneedles for disease management

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are essential to several biological functions, from maintaining cellular homeostasis to driving disease progression and aging. As such, the precise modulation of cellular redox states has emerged as a promising medical strategy. In parallel, microneedle technology has rapidly advanced over the past two decades, offering minimally invasive, targeted, and painless delivery of therapeutics. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the emerging field of redox-active microneedles (RAMs), a novel class of wearable medical devices with broad potential for treating infected wounds, cancer, psoriasis, diabetes, arthritis, hair loss, skin aging, and potentially many other conditions. By integrating redox biology with advanced microneedle-based drug delivery systems, RAMs are poised to transform personalized and precision medicine, an evolution supported by a growing number of patents, clinical trials, and rapid advancements in catalytic, photodynamic, and nanomedicine research.