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Flow-dependent traction in high- and low-flow normal trabecular meshwork cells.

Alireza Karimi1, Hasti Golchin1, Ansel Stanik2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.

Acta Biomaterialia
|February 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-flow trabecular meshwork/juxtacanalicular tissue (TM/JCT) cells sense shear flow, increasing contractile and rotational forces. Low-flow TM/JCT cells are shear-insensitive, potentially explaining increased outflow resistance in glaucoma.

Keywords:
CollagenGlaucomaPolyacrylamideShear flowTraction force microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Cell Biology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • The aqueous humor outflow pathway's high-flow (HF) regions are compliant, while low-flow (LF) regions are stiff and shear-insensitive.
  • Glaucoma, characterized by increased intraocular pressure, is associated with stiffening of the fluid-draining trabecular meshwork tissue.
  • Understanding how shear flow affects cell-matrix biomechanics in different regions of the trabecular meshwork is crucial for glaucoma research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate regional differences in how human trabecular meshwork/juxtacanalicular tissue (TM/JCT) cells transduce shear flow into cell-matrix biomechanics.
  • To determine if HF and LF TM/JCT cells exhibit distinct responses to shear stress, potentially revealing mechanisms of glaucoma pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Human HF and LF TM/JCT cells from a single donor were cultured on collagen-coated polyacrylamide gels.
  • 3D traction force microscopy with embedded FluoSpheres was used to measure cell-matrix forces.
  • A recirculating system applied controlled shear flow (No-Flow → Flow and Flow → No-Flow) for 6 hours each, with computational fluid dynamics calibration.

Main Results:

  • HF TM/JCT cells exhibited increased traction force and curl under shear flow, indicating a 'contractile-curl' signature.
  • LF TM/JCT cells showed a comparatively shear-insensitive response, maintaining sustained tension with blunted shear coupling.
  • HF cells demonstrated higher traction and curl than LF cells after 12 hours of flow, with HF divergence remaining negative (contractile) while LF divergence stayed near zero/positive.

Conclusions:

  • HF TM/JCT cells act as reversible shear transducers, modulating contractility and rotational force with shear flow.
  • LF TM/JCT cells maintain a sustained tension state with reduced shear responsiveness, contributing to matrix compaction.
  • This region-specific loss of shear sensing in LF regions may drive increased outflow resistance and contribute to glaucoma progression.