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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from Human Breast Milk for Use in an Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis Assay of HIV Targets
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Published on: September 6, 2019

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Measurement of Human Milk Feeding Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Self-Efficacy Among Women From Underrepresented

Alicia M Logan1,2, Katilya S Ware2, Chin-Yen Lin2

  • 1University of Montevallo, Montevallo, AL, USA aml0179@auburn.edu alogan3@montevallo.edu.

Journal of Nursing Measurement
|February 14, 2026
PubMed

Background and Purpose: Human milk feeding inequities persist among women from underrepresented racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy influence human milk feeding practices. This review evaluates the measurement properties of instruments assessing these variables among underrepresented populations. Methods: A systematic review from CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases evaluated instruments assessing breastfeeding variables among women from underrepresented racial and ethnic populations. Results: Fifteen instruments were assessed. The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) had moderate to strong psychometric scores (α = .67-.86; .79-.96). Conclusions: While several instruments assess human milk feeding variables in underrepresented populations, IIFAS and BSES-SF show the strongest evidence. More culturally appropriate instruments are needed.

Keywords:
breastfeedinghuman milk feedingmothers of colorpsychometricssystematic reviewwomen of color

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