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Beyond a Global Score: Psychometric Reappraisal of the Arabic Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Revealing a
Yousef Qan'ir1, Ahmad Daas2, Mahmoud Amaireh3
1School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA yousefqaneer@hotmail.com qanir@uthscsa.edu.
Abstract:
Background and Purpose: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a widely used tool for assessing sleep quality but shows structural limitations in cross-cultural applications. This study examines the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Arabic PSQI (A-PSQI) among Jordanian undergraduate students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 735 students employed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the factor structure. Construct, criterion, and known-groups validity were evaluated, with sensitivity and regression analyses testing model robustness. Results: EFA identified a two-factor structure (perceived sleep disturbance and impact, sleep timing), validated by CFA. The model exhibited strong convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity, with gender-based differences supporting known-groups validity. Conclusion: The A-PSQI's two-factor structure offers enhanced theoretical and clinical utility for Arabic-speaking students, surpassing the original unidimensional model.
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