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The evolving landscape of RSV immunization: Current policies and practices across Europe
Zazie Franck1, Sanne Hofstraat2, Lotte Jonker2
1Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584, EA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ReSViNET Foundation, Nieuweroordweg, 13704, EC, Zeist, the Netherlands.
Background:
Following approval of the first Maternal RSV vaccine (MV) and long-acting monoclonal RSV antibody (la-mAbs) in Europe, several countries have begun integrating the products into their infant RSV immunization programs.
Methods:
Based on a survey supplemented by policy documents, this paper provides a descriptive, policy-focused cross-sectional overview of RSV immunization strategies across 32 European countries.
Results:
As of September 2025, 22 countries offered programmatic RSV prophylaxis for infants. Of these, 5 use only MV, 10 use only la-mAbs and 7 countries offer both. Considerable variation was observed in programmatic approaches with respect to (gestational) age of administration, delivery pathways, eligibility criteria for mothers and infants, and reimbursement mechanisms.
Conclusions:
The RSV immunization policy landscape in Europe is diverse and dynamic, presenting both challenges and opportunities for shared learning and policy development.
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