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Carbonate fault slip generates significant carbon dioxide (CO₂) during earthquakes. This seismic CO₂ pressurization can sustain dynamic slip and increase earthquake destructive potential in carbonate terrains.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Earth Science
  • Seismology

Background:

  • Seismic faults exhibit high frictional strength, paradoxically coexisting with large displacements.
  • Shear heating in faults triggers decarbonation and carbon dioxide (CO₂) production, a key dynamic weakening mechanism.
  • In carbonate faults, this CO₂ generation leads to transient pressurization, influencing rupture dynamics and potentially promoting supershear propagation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the amount and pressure of CO₂ produced during seismic events in carbonate faults.
  • To investigate the role of seismic CO₂ pressurization in modulating earthquake rupture dynamics.
  • To link seismic decarbonation to specific earthquake magnitudes in Italian carbonate fault systems.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of nano-scale fault surface observations.
  • Application of mineralogical and isotopic analyses.
  • Development of a stoichiometric-thermodynamic model to link seismic decarbonation to earthquake magnitudes.

Main Results:

  • A stoichiometric-thermodynamic model was developed, linking seismic decarbonation to earthquakes of magnitude (Mw) 5.9-6.5.
  • Individual seismic events can produce up to 12 tons of CO₂.
  • Generated CO₂ can lead to quasi-lithostatic pressures (~196 MPa) under undrained conditions and supra-hydrostatic pressures (76-134 MPa) under drained conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Seismic CO₂ pressurization is a significant factor in carbonate fault behavior.
  • This pressurization can sustain dynamic slip, potentially enhancing earthquake destructive potential.
  • The findings are relevant to understanding earthquake hazards in carbonate-rich regions like the Apennines, Italy.