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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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High-Efficiency Targeted Mitochondrial Transfer and AUTAC4-Enhanced Dual Renewal Strategy for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Fuxiao Wang1,2, Hao Zhang3, Dongyang Zhou1,2

  • 1Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|February 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel biomaterial using mitochondria to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The therapy enhances mitochondrial function and restores cell balance, offering a new treatment for RA and related conditions.

Keywords:
AUTAC4living materialmacrophage reprogrammingmitochondrial transferrheumatoid arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presents therapeutic challenges due to limitations in conventional biomaterials.
  • Existing treatments often lack targeted accuracy, efficient delivery, and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biomimetically engineered carrier using mitochondria as "living materials" to restore cell homeostasis in RA.
  • To enhance targeted delivery and efficiency for mitochondrial transfer in RA treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered a dual-action carrier with a folic acid-modified macrophage membrane for targeting M1 macrophages.
  • Achieved in situ mitochondrial transfer with enhanced delivery efficiency.
  • Incorporated autophagy targeting chimera 4 (AUTAC4) for selective removal of dysfunctional mitochondria.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a twofold increase in mitochondrial delivery efficiency compared to current methods.
  • Achieved complete mitochondrial renewal, restoring energy metabolism and cell homeostasis.
  • The Dual-Action Mitochondrial Renewal Therapy (DAMRT) showed significant therapeutic potential in an RA model.

Conclusions:

  • The developed biomaterial offers a novel platform for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
  • This approach holds promise for treating other conditions involving mitochondrial dysfunction.