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  1. Home
  3. Motivational State Determines Error-sensitive Learning Modes In Visual Perceptual Learning.
  1. Home
  3. Motivational State Determines Error-sensitive Learning Modes In Visual Perceptual Learning.

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Motivational state determines error-sensitive learning modes in visual perceptual learning.

Dongho Kim1,2,3, Zhiyan Wang1,4, Masamichi Sakagami5

  • 1Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, 190 Thayer Street Providence RI 02912, United States.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|February 15, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fasting enhances error processing during visual perceptual learning (VPL), improving accuracy after mistakes without changing overall learning. Satiety shifts learning towards executive control, showing how motivation impacts learning strategies.

Keywords:
error monitoringfunctional MRImotivational statereward prediction errorvisual perceptual learning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Learning from outcomes involves distinct computational processes.
  • The influence of internal motivational states on visual perceptual learning (VPL) is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how fasting versus satiety modulates feedback processing during VPL.
  • To examine neural mechanisms underlying motivational state-dependent learning.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study participants performing an orientation discrimination task.
  • Participants were tested under either fasted or satiated conditions with identical reward contingencies.

Main Results:

  • Both fasted and non-fasted groups showed significant VPL.
  • Fasted participants demonstrated enhanced post-error accuracy, indicating heightened sensitivity to errors.
  • Neural analyses revealed state-dependent changes in brain activity, with fasting affecting the ventral striatum and satiety influencing the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

    • Conclusions:

    • Motivational state significantly influences the expression of VPL, rather than its emergence.
    • Fasting promotes an error-sensitive learning mode, while satiety favors a control-driven optimization.
    • These findings highlight the role of internal states in shaping learning and outcome monitoring.