B vitamins in dermatology

B vitamins play a pivotal role in cellular metabolism and erythrocyte synthesis, serving as essential water-soluble nutrients. Rapid excretion through the urinary system prevents their accumulation, thus mitigating potential toxicity. With minimal storage in the body, the levels of these vitamins are primarily influenced by recent dietary intake, especially in healthy individuals. The B vitamin group comprises eight distinct vitamins: thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), and cobalamin (B12). In developed nations, B-complex vitamins are frequently added to foods, reducing the risk of deficiency due to reduced intake alone. Deficiencies often occur in individuals with conditions such as alcohol abuse, chronic inflammatory diseases, or the use of specific drugs such as antiepileptic medications. Interconnected metabolic pathways among B-complex vitamins lead to overlapping mucocutaneous signs in cases of deficiency, necessitating comprehensive diagnostic testing for multiple micronutrients. This study aims to provide an in-depth exploration of key B vitamins pertinent to dermatology. It underscores mucocutaneous manifestations of deficiencies or excess and discusses their relevance in various dermatologic conditions. By emphasizing these aspects, the study seeks to enhance understanding and management strategies for dermatologic conditions associated with B vitamin deficiencies or imbalances.