Nonsynthetic platelet-like products: methods and clinical potential in hemorrhage control

Hassan Mansouritorghabeh1

  • 1Central Diagnostic Laboratories, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Uncontrolled bleeding remains a leading cause of preventable death in trauma, and military medicine, underscoring the critical need for effective, accessible available hemostatic agents. While conventional platelet transfusions are indispensable for promoting primary hemostasis, they present several limitations, including short shelf life, logistical challenges, and transfusion-related risks. This review of evidence was done to obtain state-of-the-art data in this field. Hence, this scoping review pays to nonsynthetic platelet-like products, such as platelet microparticles and lyophilized platelet derivatives, which have emerged with promising hemostatic properties. Platelet microparticles, derived from activated platelets, exhibit potent procoagulant activity by contributing to both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. Lyophilized platelet products, exemplified by thrombosomes, offer extended shelf life, room-temperature stability, and rapid hemostatic action, making them particularly valuable in prehospital and austere environments. Platelet lysate and PRF, while predominantly explored in regenerative medicine, have under-investigated potential as topical hemostatic agents. Despite encouraging preclinical and early clinical data for some of these products, challenges remain in terms of scalability, regulatory approval, and standardized clinical evaluation. Further research, particularly into platelet lysate and PRF, is warranted to validate their role in hemorrhage control. Nonsynthetic platelet-like products may represent a transformative approach in the management of life-threatening bleeding.

Related Concept Videos

Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
9.6K
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
1.3K
Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

Introduction to Hemostasis

Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized,...
14.8K
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000...
3.8K
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
2.0K