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Recurrent Chromosome Destabilization Through Repeat-Mediated Rearrangements in a Fungal Pathogen.

Simone Fouché1,2, Ursula Oggenfuss1, Bruce A McDonald2

  • 1Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland.

Genome Biology and Evolution
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified specific DNA sequences that trigger chromosomal instability and degeneration in fungal pathogens. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms driving genomic evolution and potential impacts on virulence.

Keywords:
Zymoseptoria triticiaccessory chromosomeschromosomal rearrangementsfungitransposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Genomic instability, driven by chromosomal rearrangements, significantly impacts organismal fitness and cancer progression.
  • The precise triggers of chromosomal instability, particularly at fragile sites, remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying runaway chromosomal degeneration in the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici.
  • To identify specific sequence triggers responsible for initiating and perpetuating chromosome instability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized telomere-to-telomere assemblies across an experimental progeny of Zymoseptoria tritici.
  • Analyzed chromosomal rearrangements, non-disjunction events, and aneuploidy in a four-generation study.
  • Identified transposable elements and repeat-induced point mutations co-locating with fragile sites.

Main Results:

  • Fragile sites reproducibly triggered large-scale rearrangements via non-allelic recombination.
  • Chromosomal instability was associated with aneuploidy, with progeny exhibiting up to four chromosomal copies.
  • A specific transposable element family, expanded in copy number and linked to lower virulence, was identified at fragile sites.
  • Repeat-induced point mutation was observed, actively causing hypermutation in duplicated sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Specific transposable elements and repeat-induced point mutations act as sequence triggers for chromosome instability and degenerative cycles.
  • Understanding these proximate causes can illuminate chromosomal evolution, extending beyond fungal pathogens.
  • The findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms driving genomic degeneration.