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Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials

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Iron-based nanomaterials for tumor therapy: structural engineering and functional mechanisms.

Afeera Saghir¹, Yunxiu Zhang², Qingyan Jia¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE), Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China. iampli@nwpu.edu.cn.

Biomaterials Science

|February 16, 2026

Summary

Iron-based nanomaterials offer multifunctional cancer therapies by generating reactive oxygen species and enabling magnetic hyperthermia. These advanced materials combat challenges like toxicity and tumor resistance, paving the way for next-generation treatments.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Oncology

Background:

Cancer therapeutics face challenges including systemic toxicity, tumor hypoxia, immune suppression, and treatment resistance.
Iron-based nanomaterials possess unique properties addressing these clinical barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in iron-based nanomaterials for cancer therapy.
To highlight their mechanistic roles in chemodynamic therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, and ferroptosis.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on iron-based nanomaterials (iron oxides, ZVI, alloys, MOFs, SACs).
Analysis of their catalytic properties (Fenton-like activity) and magnetic responsiveness.
Examination of their mechanisms in triggering ROS generation, hyperthermia, and ferroptosis.

Main Results:

Iron-based nanomaterials demonstrate multifunctional capabilities for cancer treatment.
Their Fenton-like activity enables *in situ* ROS generation, while magnetic properties allow for localized hyperthermia.
These platforms induce ferroptosis and oxidative stress-mediated cell death, modulating the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

Integrated iron-based nanomaterials show significant potential as versatile platforms for multimodal cancer therapy.
Linking structural/redox characteristics with catalytic efficiency is key to optimizing therapeutic response.
These nanomaterials offer promising solutions for overcoming current limitations in cancer treatment.