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Formulation and 3D Printing of PVDF-Containing Photocurable Resins for Digital Light Processing.

Megan McGeehan1, Étienne Durand-Laberge1, Matthieu Gervais2

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Additive manufacturing of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites using digital light processing (DLP) avoids organic solvents. This method preserves PVDF

Keywords:
Additive manufacturingDigital light processingFormulationMicrostructurePVDFPhotopolymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Additive manufacturing (AM) of electroactive polymers like poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is crucial for flexible electronics.
  • A key challenge in AM of PVDF is maintaining its critical microstructure for electroactivity during processing.
  • Conventional solvent-based methods for PVDF processing pose environmental and safety concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a solvent-free digital light processing (DLP) method for fabricating PVDF-based composites.
  • To investigate the preservation of PVDF's semicrystalline phases and electroactive properties after DLP.
  • To demonstrate the potential of DLP for creating complex architectures with controlled crystalline phases for advanced electronics.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a photocurable resin using 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDDMA) and phenylbis-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (BAPO) photoinitiator.
  • Direct dispersion of PVDF particles in the resin without volatile organic solvents.
  • High-fidelity DLP printing of PVDF-based composites.
  • Characterization using atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Main Results:

  • Stable PVDF suspensions up to 35 wt % were achieved, enabling high-fidelity DLP printing.
  • AFM confirmed uniform dispersion of PVDF-rich domains in the printed samples.
  • DSC, IR, and XRD analyses confirmed the retention of pristine PVDF's semicrystalline phases postprocessing.
  • Postprinting annealing allowed for further tuning of the PVDF crystalline phase fraction.

Conclusions:

  • DLP is a viable, solvent-free method for additive manufacturing of PVDF-based composites.
  • The developed approach effectively preserves the microstructure and crystalline phases of PVDF.
  • This technique offers precise control over complex architectures and crystalline phase content for electroactive applications.