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Predicting wrist osteoporosis from excised human finger bones using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy - a cadaveric

Mohammad Hosseini1,2, Sadia Afrin3, Anthony Yosick3,4

  • 1The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchison Rd, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.

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Summary

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) can assess subsurface biochemical markers in finger bones to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores. This non-ionizing technique shows promise for improved osteoporosis and osteopenia screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Spectroscopy
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Osteoporosis and osteopenia are significantly underdiagnosed conditions.
  • Current screening methods like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) primarily measure bone mineral density (BMD) but miss crucial compositional changes.
  • There is a need for advanced techniques to assess bone health beyond simple BMD measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) for assessing subsurface biochemical markers in excised finger bones.
  • To determine if SORS can estimate bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  • To evaluate the optimal spatial offset for SORS measurements to differentiate bone health categories.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo Raman spectroscopy was performed on proximal phalanges from 25 female cadavers across normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic T-score categories.
  • Spectra were acquired at spatial offsets of 0, 3, and 6 mm from the laser irradiation spot.
  • Partial-least-squares regression (PLSR) models were used to predict T-scores from spectral data.

Main Results:

  • Spectra at a 3-mm offset showed significant differences in biochemical markers (carbonate, Amide III, CH2, Amide I bands) between bone health categories.
  • Mineral-to-matrix ratios quantitatively discriminated between normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic bone at the 3-mm offset.
  • PLSR models using 0-mm and 3-mm offset spectra accurately predicted T-scores (r ≈ 0.90), with the 3-mm offset requiring fewer model components.

Conclusions:

  • Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) effectively assesses subsurface biochemical changes in finger bones related to bone health.
  • The 3-mm spatial offset demonstrated superior biochemical contrast and predictive capability for estimating T-scores compared to other offsets.
  • These findings support the potential for transcutaneous SORS application for non-ionizing, in vivo bone health assessment.