Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy at...

Thyroid dysfunction (TD) is commonly found in people living with HIV infection (PLHIV) and is exacerbated by ART. While TD is documented in PLHIV, its prevalence in Rwanda remains underexplored. This study investigated thyroid dysfunction in HIV-positive patients on ART at Matyazo Health Centre, Butare, Rwanda. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and distribution of thyroid function test (TFT) abnormalities among HIV-positive individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Matyazo Health Centre, Rwanda.

A cross-sectional study involving 200 participants (100 HIV-positive on ART and 100 HIV-negative controls, mainly healthcare workers and university students) was undertaken. Blood specimens were obtained for thyroid function assessments, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) when indicated. A standardised questionnaire captured sociodemographic information and clinical data were extracted from medical records.

Thyroid dysfunction prevalence was greater among HIV-positive participants compared to HIV-negative controls (47% vs. 16%). The predominant abnormality was central hypothyroidism/euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS), particularly in those on ART for over 24 months. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was less common. Educational attainment (p=0.006) and employment status (p=0.028) were significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction.

The high prevalence of TD among HIV-positive patients on ART suggests an association between HIV infection, ART, and thyroid dysfunction, underscoring the importance of regular thyroid function screening. To build on these findings, longitudinal studies are recommended.