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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Waterborne Random Copolymers as Polymeric Surfactants for Emulsion Polymerization.

Aitor Barquero1, Miren Aguirre1, Jurgen Scheerder2

  • 1POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.

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Polymeric surfactants offer a superior alternative to traditional surfactants in waterborne acrylic polymer dispersions. They enhance coating performance by preventing leaching and improving properties like adhesion and water resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Waterborne acrylic polymer dispersions commonly use low molar mass surfactants.
  • These surfactants can negatively impact coating properties such as water resistance, adhesion, and barrier performance.
  • Polymeric surfactants present a promising alternative to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application and benefits of polymeric surfactants in waterborne acrylic polymer dispersions.
  • To discuss various types of polymeric surfactants and their synthesis methods.
  • To explore the impact of polymeric surfactants on coating morphology and industrial applications.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of polymeric surfactant types and synthesis methods (bulk, solution, emulsion polymerization).
  • Detailed examination of polymeric surfactants synthesized via emulsion polymerization.
  • Analysis of coating morphology and performance in industrial applications.

Main Results:

  • Polymeric surfactants prevent leaching, thereby improving coating properties.
  • Enhanced adhesion, water resistance, and barrier performance are observed with polymeric surfactants.
  • Successful industrial applications in printing and packaging coatings are demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Polymeric surfactants significantly enhance the performance of waterborne acrylic polymer coatings.
  • Their design and synthesis are crucial for optimizing coating properties.
  • Polymeric surfactants represent a key advancement for waterborne coating technologies.