A Rare Case of Acute Hemolysis After Rasburicase Infusion

Area of Science:

• Genetics
• Hematology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked genetic disorder affecting red blood cells.
• It can lead to hemolytic anemia (HA) due to erythrocyte vulnerability to oxidative stress.
• Prevalence is notable in males, affecting approximately 1 in 10 Black males in the US.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize a case of hemolytic anemia following rasburicase infusion in a patient with G6PD deficiency.
• To discuss management strategies for such cases.

Main Methods:

• Review of a clinical case involving rasburicase administration.
• Diagnostic tests for hemolytic anemia including Coombs test, haptoglobin, CBC, urinalysis, LDH, bone marrow tests, and peripheral blood smear.

Main Results:

• The patient developed hemolytic anemia after rasburicase infusion.
• Identified specific medications that can trigger hemolytic crisis in G6PD deficient individuals.

Conclusions:

• Rasburicase can precipitate hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency.
• Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for patients with G6PD deficiency experiencing hemolytic events.