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Prediction for Maximum Supercooling in SU(N) Confinement Transition.

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The thermal confinement phase transition in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory is first order. A small coefficient in lattice data suggests an instability, predicting limited supercooling and suppressed gravitational wave signals.

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Area of Science:

  • High-energy physics
  • Quantum field theory
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • The thermal confinement phase transition in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory is a critical phenomenon.
  • This transition is known to be first order for N≥3, with the bounce action scaling as N^2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the implications of a small coefficient observed in lattice data for the bounce action.
  • Understand the origin of this coefficient and its effect on phase transition dynamics.
  • Predict the maximum achievable supercooling in SU(N) theories and its experimental testability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lattice data for SU(N) Yang-Mills theory.
  • Utilizing insights from softly broken supersymmetric Yang-Mills models.
  • Theoretical investigation of deconfined phase instabilities.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests the small coefficient originates from a deconfined phase instability below the critical temperature.
  • The maximum achievable supercooling in SU(N) theories is predicted to be a few percent.
  • Potential for significant suppression of associated cosmological gravitational wave signals.

Conclusions:

  • The observed lattice data coefficient points to a specific instability mechanism.
  • The prediction of limited supercooling offers a testable hypothesis for lattice simulations.
  • Cosmological gravitational wave signals may be considerably weaker than previously expected.