PFAS and One Health: integrating human, animal, and environmental perspectives

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Toxicology
• Public Health

Background:

• Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous, persistent, and bioaccumulative chemicals.
• Their resistance to degradation and global dispersion necessitate a comprehensive approach to risk management.
• PFAS pose a significant threat to human, animal, and environmental health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on PFAS, including their origins, persistence, and dispersion.
• To synthesize information on exposure pathways and toxicological outcomes across species.
• To advocate for an integrated One Health framework for addressing PFAS risks.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing current scientific knowledge on PFAS.
• Analysis of environmental persistence, global dispersion, and exposure pathways.
• Evaluation of toxicological data and cross-species risk assessment.

Main Results:

• PFAS originate from anthropogenic sources and are globally dispersed.
• Exposure occurs through diet, contaminated water, and maternal transfer.
• Convergent toxicological outcomes include immunotoxicity, reproductive impairment, and carcinogenicity across species.

Conclusions:

• A One Health framework is essential for managing interdependent risks of PFAS.
• Integrated strategies involving environmental monitoring, research, and regulation are required.
• Harmonized regulatory frameworks and cross-sectoral collaboration are vital for effective PFAS mitigation.