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High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex to Enhance Metacognitive Sensitivity
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The Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) Divide: Exploring the Individual Factors Influencing GenAI Competency,

Christopher Ball1, Kuo-Ting Huang2, Xuan Nie2

  • 1Department of Journalism and Institute of Communications Research. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking
|February 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) adoption faces a digital divide, influenced by individual factors like skills and attitudes. Addressing psychological barriers and promoting AI literacy are crucial for equitable GenAI access and benefits.

Keywords:
AI literacyChatGPTdigital dividedigital inequalitygenerative artificial intelligence (GenAI)

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Computer Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) offers transformative potential but risks exacerbating digital inequalities.
  • The 'GenAI divide' highlights uneven distribution of benefits and challenges associated with GenAI adoption.
  • Understanding individual factors influencing this divide is critical for equitable technology integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine individual factors (sociodemographic, competency, psychological) influencing GenAI adoption readiness.
  • To investigate psychological barriers, GenAI competency, and adoption readiness.
  • To explore the relationship between GenAI reliance, self-assessed competency, and user anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • Stratified online survey of 305 participants.
  • Analysis of sociodemographic variables (age, sex, race, education, income).
  • Assessment of operational/creative skills, AI attitudes, decision reliance, and self-efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Operational skills and AI comfort correlate with lower anxiety and higher adoption readiness.
  • Negative technology attitudes increase psychological barriers to GenAI adoption.
  • Increased reliance on GenAI for decisions is linked to lower self-assessed competency.

Conclusions:

  • The GenAI divide is multi-dimensional, shaped by individual factors and leading to inequality.
  • Targeted interventions like AI literacy programs and digital communities can mitigate disparities.
  • This research provides insights into digital inequality in the era of generative AI.