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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
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Evaluating nerve dysfunction in Behçet's disease: a study using corneal confocal microscopy and electromyography.

Halit Eren Erdem1, Merve Demirci2, Furkan Çam3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.

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|February 17, 2026
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Summary

Peripheral nerve involvement in Behçet

Keywords:
Behçet's diseaseCorneal confocal microscopyCutaneous silent periodSympathetic skin response

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder.
  • Peripheral nerve involvement can occur in BD, but its evaluation is complex.
  • Understanding nerve damage in BD is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess peripheral nerve function in Behçet's disease patients.
  • Utilize in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCCM) to examine corneal nerves.
  • Employ electromyography (EMG) to measure sympathetic skin response (SSR) and cutaneous silent period (CSP).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study with 90 participants: 60 BD patients (30 with uveitis, 30 without) and 30 healthy controls.
  • IVCCM analyzed subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) and dendritic cell (DC) densities.
  • EMG assessed nerve conduction, CSP, and SSR.
  • Subgroup analysis of patients based on systemic medication.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in SNP or DC densities were found between groups.
  • Patients on conventional azathioprine treatment showed lower DC densities compared to those on colchicine or biologics.
  • BD patients without uveitis exhibited reduced SSR lower extremity amplitude versus controls.
  • No significant differences in CSP durations or SSR latencies were observed.

Conclusions:

  • SSR amplitudes suggest small fiber neuropathy and autonomic nervous system involvement in BD.
  • Preserved CSP and SSR latencies may indicate successful nerve regeneration due to controlled inflammation.
  • Lower DC densities in patients on conventional therapy may reflect azathioprine's in vivo mechanism.