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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Morphometric Protocol for the Objective Assessment of Blastocyst Behavior During Vitrification and Warming Steps
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Morphometric Protocol for the Objective Assessment of Blastocyst Behavior During Vitrification and Warming Steps

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Single-step warming for blastocysts: a clinically validated alternative to conventional multi-step protocols.

Stefanie De Gheselle1, Lobke De Vuyst1, Sylvie Lierman1

  • 1Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)
|February 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new single-step warming protocol for vitrified blastocysts shows higher survival and intactness rates compared to the traditional multi-step method. This efficient approach offers comparable ongoing pregnancy rates in clinical IVF settings.

Keywords:
blastocyst survivalblastocyst vitrificationcryopreservation techniquesmethod validationpregnancy outcomessingle-step warming

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Area of Science:

  • In vitro fertilization (IVF) and reproductive medicine.
  • Embryology and cryobiology.
  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

Background:

  • Vitrification is standard for embryo cryopreservation, but warming is crucial for success.
  • Conventional warming uses multi-step dilution to prevent osmotic stress.
  • Clinical data on single-step warming protocols are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if a single-step warming protocol for vitrified blastocysts yields comparable or superior outcomes to a multi-step protocol in clinical IVF.
  • To assess blastocyst survival, intactness, and clinical pregnancy rates.

Main Methods:

  • A three-phase study: risk analysis, preclinical validation (246 blastocysts), and a clinical comparison (1925 cycles single-step vs. 1744 cycles multi-step).
  • Preclinical phase assessed survival, intactness, and transfer suitability post-warming using time-lapse and viability staining.
  • Clinical phase retrospectively compared outcomes including survival, transfer, pregnancy, and miscarriage rates, stratified by PGT status and vitrification day.

Main Results:

  • Single-step warming showed significantly higher rates of fully intact blastocysts (85.4% vs. 76.3%) and transfer suitability (96.7% vs. 91.2%) in preclinical validation.
  • Clinically, single-step warming resulted in significantly higher blastocyst survival rates across various subgroups (e.g., non-PGT Day 5: 98.5% vs. 96.1%).
  • Ongoing pregnancy rates were comparable between protocols, with a trend towards lower miscarriage rates with single-step warming.

Conclusions:

  • The single-step warming protocol is a clinically validated, safe, and efficient alternative to conventional multi-step warming.
  • This method may enhance workflow and streamline blastocyst handling in IVF.
  • Implementation of single-step warming can potentially improve ART outcomes without compromising pregnancy rates.