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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...

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Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

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Recent developments in sorbent-based microextraction techniques for the processing of complex matrices.

Akash Singh¹, Mohd Rizwan¹, Karan Singh¹

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001 Punjab, India.

Journal of Chromatography. A

|February 17, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights advancements in sorbent-based microextraction for greener, more efficient sample preparation in analytical chemistry. New materials and automation improve analyte separation from complex matrices.

Keywords:

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs)Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE)Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)Microextraction by packed sorbents (MEPS)Solid-phase microextraction

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Green Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Sample preparation is crucial for accurate analysis of target analytes in complex matrices.
Sorbent-based microextraction techniques are favored for their low solvent use, miniaturization, and automation compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in sorbent materials, automation, and integration for microextraction techniques.
To discuss the application of microextraction in biological, food, and environmental analyses.
To explore green approaches and future perspectives in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on sorbent materials including monolithic polymers, metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphitic carbon nitride.
Discussion of advancements in automation, miniaturization, and hyphenation with analytical instruments.
Exploration of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and mixed-mode/bi-functionalized sorbents for selective and simultaneous extraction.

Main Results:

Novel sorbent materials offer large surface areas, stability, and strong adsorption capacities for complex matrices.
Miniaturization and integration with hyphenated instruments represent key green approaches in microextraction.
MIPs provide high selectivity, while mixed-mode sorbents enable simultaneous extraction of multiple analytes.

Conclusions:

Microextraction techniques are evolving with new sorbent materials and automation for enhanced analytical performance.
Green approaches in microextraction focus on reducing solvent consumption and improving efficiency.
Future perspectives include addressing challenges like sorbent reproducibility and scalability for broader applications in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.