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Human Neurotoxicity of Trichloroethylene: A Biomarker Approach
Lütfiye Tutkun1, Meşide Gündüzöz2, Murat Büyükşekerci3
1The Association of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Hygiene, Ankara, Türkiye.
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|February 17, 2026
Summary
Occupational solvent exposure can cause early neural injury, detectable through biomarkers. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) levels in spray painters strongly correlated with markers of brain damage, suggesting its role in neurotoxicity.
Area of Science:
- Neurotoxicology
- Occupational Health
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Occupational exposure to organic solvents poses a significant neurotoxic risk.
- Early biochemical indicators of neural injury from solvents are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between solvent metabolites and neurotoxic biomarkers in automotive spray painters.
- To identify early biochemical indicators of neural injury in solvent-exposed workers.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 86 automotive spray painters and 85 controls.
- Measured serum neurotoxic biomarkers (S100B, NSE, MAP 2, GFAP, MBP).
- Analyzed urinary metabolites including trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and others.
Main Results:
- Exposed workers had significantly higher concentrations of all neural injury markers.
- Elevated trichloroacetic acid (TCA) levels strongly correlated with all measured biomarkers.
- TCA was identified as the sole independent predictor across all biomarkers via multiple regression analysis.
Conclusions:
- Solvent exposure, particularly to chlorinated compounds, induces subclinical disturbances in glial cells, neurons, cytoskeleton, and myelin.
- Biomarker profiling, especially focusing on TCA, can aid in the early detection of neural injury.
- These findings support the development of targeted prevention strategies for solvent-exposed workers.
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