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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Overview01:06

Potentiometry: Overview

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Potentiometry is an analytical technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current that could alter the solution's composition. This method employs an indicator electrode, which exchanges electrons with the analyte solution, and a reference electrode with a constant potential. Each electrode is immersed in a solution comprised of two half-cells. In a conventional setup, the reference electrode serves as...
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Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

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Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

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Sensor ToolKit (STK): Compact Multiplexing Potentiostat for Point-of-Care Applications.

Andrés Alberto Andreo Acosta1, Alicia M Maya1, Simone Saporito2

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.

Analytical Chemistry
|February 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed Sensor ToolKit (STK), a low-cost, versatile platform for Internet of Things (IoT) electrochemical sensors. STK offers high performance for applications in healthcare and industry, comparable to standard equipment.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Embedded potentiostats are crucial for electrochemical applications but existing platforms face limitations in size, cost, and sensor integration.
  • Optimizing for specific features like small size or low cost can compromise overall practicality and versatility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly versatile, small, and low-cost platform for distributed IoT electrochemical sensor applications.
  • To engineer a minimal complexity board using off-the-shelf components for broad applicability.

Main Methods:

  • Prototyped the Sensor ToolKit (STK) using readily available components.
  • Integrated an on-chip sequential input multiplexer suitable for open-circuit potentiometry.
  • Developed firmware and an IoT framework for wireless data retrieval and real-time visualization.

Main Results:

  • Validated STK performance in potentiometric detection of potassium, hydrogen peroxide, glucose, and lactate.
  • Demonstrated self-current detection of hydrogen peroxide with excellent analytical performance.
  • Achieved results comparable to benchtop instrumentation standards.

Conclusions:

  • STK provides a versatile, low-cost, and compact solution for deploying distributed IoT electrochemical sensors.
  • The developed framework enables seamless wireless data acquisition and real-time visualization, showcasing potential in hyperconnected applications.