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Related Concept Videos

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Perceptual Constancy

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Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

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Which perceptual categories do observers experience during multistable perception?

Jan Skerswetat1,2, Peter Bex1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston Campus, Boston, MA02115, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|February 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method, InFoRM-Rivalry, to study binocular rivalry (BR). This approach reveals distinct perceptual categories and transition pathways, suggesting BR involves both monocular and binocular processing conflicts.

Keywords:
binocular rivalryintrospectionmultistable perceptionperceptual categoriesunsupervised machine learningvisual consciousness

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Multistable perception offers insights into dynamic mental states.
  • Binocular rivalry (BR) is a key paradigm for studying consciousness changes.
  • Conventional BR methods have limitations in capturing continuous perceptual transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce InFoRM-Rivalry, a novel method for analyzing binocular rivalry.
  • To overcome limitations of existing methods in describing perceptual transitions.
  • To investigate the neural underpinnings of consciousness changes during BR.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the InFoRM-Rivalry method with customized perceptual categories.
  • Applied unsupervised clustering to re-analyze existing BR data.
  • Utilized a Hidden Markov model to estimate perceptual transition pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified an average of 10 ± 8 distinct perceptual categories during BR.
  • Demonstrated that these categories predominantly map to exclusive and superimposed regions.
  • Found that transitions are most likely between monocular exclusive and binocular superimposed categories.

Conclusions:

  • Binocular rivalry involves conflict between monocular and binocular neural processing sites.
  • The findings challenge the notion of BR relying solely on monocular site inhibition.
  • InFoRM-Rivalry provides a more nuanced understanding of perceptual dynamics in BR.