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Local Delivery of Genistein in Peri-Implant Defects Enhances Osseointegration in Ovariectomized Rats
Nathália Dantas Duarte1,2, Fábio Roberto de Souza Batista3, Marcelly Braga Gomes4
1Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. duarte.71@osu.edu.
Background:
Estrogen deficiency, a key factor in osteoporosis, may influence peri-implant healing, which requires cautious and individualized planning for dental implant placement. Functionalizing biomaterials with bioactive molecules, such as soy-derived isoflavone, could enhance their osteoconductive potential.
Objective:
Investigate the performance of genistein in the functionalization of bioactive glass and deproteinized bovine bone by sonochemistry on peri-implant bone repair in ovariectomized rats.
Methods:
In total, 50 female rats were divided into five groups (n = 10): blood clot (CLOT); bioactive glass (BG); bioactive glass functionalized with genistein (BG + GEN); deproteinized bovine bone (BO); and deproteinized bovine bone functionalized with genistein (BO + GEN). Thirty days after ovariectomy, implants were placed in the tibia of the rats. Calcein and alizarin were administered at 14 and 24 days post-surgery, respectively. The rats were euthanized 28 days after implant placement for analysis.
Results:
BO + GEN showed the highest removal torque (5.4 Ncm), significantly higher than BO (2.3 Ncm; p < 0.05), followed by BG + GEN (4.2 Ncm), BG (3.3 Ncm), and CLOT (2.1 Ncm). BG + GEN and BO + GEN upregulated the bone markers (RANKL, OPG, OCN, IBSP) (p < 0.05). Micro-CT revealed higher bone volume percentage (BV/TV) in BO + GEN (11.67%) and BG + GEN (10.51%) versus their controls (p < 0.05). Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was significantly reduced in BO + GEN compared to BG (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that genistein can potentiate the osteoconductive properties of clinically used biomaterials, enhancing peri-implant bone repair in ovariectomized rats.
