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Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes on the Shear Bond Strength and Failure Pattern of Metal Orthodontic Brackets
Joviane Jardim Botelho Kemeny Zettl1, Érika Soares Bronze-Ulhe2, Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França1
1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, slmandic.edu.br.
Background:
To determine the impact of titanium dioxide nanotubes (nTiO2) incorporated into glass ionomer cement (GIC) on its shear bond strength (SBS) and failure pattern of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel.
Methods:
Sixty-six molars were assigned to three groups (n = 22): Transbond XT (TXT) resin; GIC; and GIC + 5% nTiO2. SBS was performed using a universal testing machine, and failure patterns were assessed using the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Data were analyzed by generalized linear model and Fisher's exact test (α = 0.05).
Results:
TXT showed the highest SBS, followed by GIC and GIC + 5% nTiO2 (p < 0.05). ARI 0 was the most frequent in all groups, especially in GIC (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions:
Incorporating nTiO2 into GIC reduced the SBS and resulted in less material remaining on the enamel after debonding, suggesting a potentially reduced risk of enamel damage.
Clinical Relevance:
Orthodontic bracket bonding demands materials that combine reliable adhesion with enamel preservation. Incorporating nTiO2 into GIC slightly lowers bracket bond strength but reduces cement remnants on enamel, potentially minimizing enamel damage during debonding. This provides clinicians with a well-supported alternative for orthodontic bonding that balances reliable adhesion with enhanced enamel preservation.
