Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

535
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
535
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

1.4K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.4K
Impact of Schemas01:30

Impact of Schemas

226
Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
226
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

2.2K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
2.2K
First Impression01:09

First Impression

243
First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
243
Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

274
Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
274

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Learned statistical regularity modulates anticipatory micro-saccades toward suppressed distractor locations.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Visual Selection Is Spatially Constrained During Working Memory Consolidation.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same author

Past and present goals are represented concurrently during visual search.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Inhibition of Return without Preparatory Suppression in Spatial Priority Maps.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

35+ years of the additional singleton task: Design features and guidelines.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same author

Dynamic competition between bottom-up saliency and top-down goals in early visual cortex.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

Teams perform worse when newcomers hold critical information than when original group members do.

Communications psychology·2026
Same journal

Auditory perceptual maps in humans and mice share common structures and predict perceptual decisions in discrimination learning.

Communications psychology·2026
Same journal

Cross-cultural evidence for positive control and mind-mindedness as buffers for parental distress.

Communications psychology·2026
Same journal

Why sycophantic LLMs may imperil interactive norms between humans.

Communications psychology·2026
Same journal

Early detection of distinct language development in infants of mothers with severe mental illness using fNIRS.

Communications psychology·2026
Same journal

Real-time cognitive-affective dynamics of failure feedback in a technology-based learning task.

Communications psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
09:15

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Published on: February 4, 2015

28.6K

Learning alters salience and proactive attentional priority.

Dock H Duncan1,2, Dirk van Moorselaar3,4, Jan Theeuwes3,5,6,7,8

  • 1Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. D.H.Duncan@vu.nl.

Communications Psychology
|February 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Learned spatial suppression makes distracting items appear less bright, reducing their ability to capture attention. This learned suppression directly impacts visual search performance by lowering initial saliency calculations.

More Related Videos

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.4K
Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
09:15

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Published on: February 4, 2015

28.6K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.4K
Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Ignoring irrelevant stimuli is crucial for task completion.
  • Learned suppression improves the ability to ignore distractors, but mechanisms are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how learned spatial suppression influences perception and performance.
  • To determine the underlying mechanisms of learned suppression in visual processing.

Main Methods:

  • A psychophysical approach with a large sample size (n=230).
  • Computational modeling to analyze attentional selection mechanisms.
  • Comparing various models to identify the best fit for observed data.

Main Results:

  • Items at suppressed locations were perceived as less bright.
  • Learned suppression directly impacts the perceived saliency of visual items.
  • Computational models indicated suppression reduces initial saliency calculations.

Conclusions:

  • Learned spatial suppression directly reduces the saliency of visual items in suppressed locations.
  • This reduced saliency hinders items from competing for and capturing attentional resources.
  • Findings clarify the mechanism by which learned suppression enhances visual search efficiency.